Grid-Connected Distributed Wind-Photovoltaic Energy Management: A Review

Energy management comprises of the planning, operation and control of both energy production and its demand. The wind energy availability is site-specific, time-dependent and nondispatchable. As the use of electricity is growing and conventional sources are depleting, the major renewable sources, like wind and photovoltaic (PV), have increased their share in the generation mix. The best possible resource utilization, having a track of load and renewable resource forecast, assures significant reduction of the net cost of the operation. Modular hybrid energy systems with some storage as back up near load center change the scenario of unidirectional power flow to bidirectional with the distributed generation. The performance of such systems can be enhanced by the accomplishment of advanced control schemes in a centralized system controller or distributed control. In grid-connected mode, these can support the grid to tackle power quality issues, which optimize the use of the renewable resource. The chapter aims to bring recent trends with changing requirements due to distributed generation (DG), summarizing the research works done in the last 10 years with some vision of future trends

MFO Ptimized Fractional Order Based Controller on Power System Stability

This paper presents a novel idea of designing the Fractional-Order PID (FOPID) type static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). A power system stabilizer(PSS) is installed to enhance the system transient stability by damping the oscillations. Also, the superiority of the proposed method is verified by comparing with conventional PI, PI-PD and PID controllers. The determination of the controller parameters has been considered as an optimization problem using Moth Fly Optimization (MFO). It is shown that MFO is more effective as well as giving robust response than Differential Evolution (DE) optimization. The superiority of the controller is tested on Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) power system at various operating conditions and fault locations

Performance Evaluation of PID Controller for an Automobile Cruise Control System using Ant Lion Optimizer

This paper considers the design and performance evaluation of PID controller for an automobile cruise control system (ACCS). A linearized model of the cruise control system has been studied as per the dominant characteristics in closed loop system. The design problem is recast into an optimization problem which is solved using Ant Lion Optimization (ALO). The transient performance of proposed ACCS i.e., settling time, rise time, maximum overshot, peak time and steady state error are investigated by step input response and root locus analysis. To show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm over a state space method, classical PID, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, a comparison study is presented by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, the robustness of the system is evaluated by using bode analysis, sensitivity, complimentary sensitivity and controller sensitivity. The results indicate that the designed ALO based PID controller for ACCS achieves better performance than other recent methods reported in the literature.This paper considers the design and performance evaluation of PID controller for an automobile cruise control system (ACCS). A linearized model of the cruise control system has been studied as per the dominant characteristics in closed loop system. The design problem is recast into an optimization problem which is solved using Ant Lion Optimization (ALO). The transient performance of proposed ACCS i.e., settling time, rise time, maximum overshot, peak time and steady state error are investigated by step input response and root locus analysis. To show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm over a state space method, classical PID, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, a comparison study is presented by using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, the robustness of the system is evaluated by using bode analysis, sensitivity, complimentary sensitivity and controller sensitivity. The results indicate that the designed ALO based PID controller for ACCS achieves better performance than other recent methods reported in the literature

Impact of DFIG in Wind Energy Conversion System for Grid Disturbances

In this work, a grid-connected DoublyFed Induction Generator (DFIG) is studied for the transient and steady response. The vector control technique controls the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of both the back-to-back converters interfacing rotor to the grid. Reactive power supply and DC bus voltage are managed by the grid-side inverter. Active power and rotor angular speed are adjusted by the machine side inverter facilitating power generation for varying wind. The effect of voltage and frequency deviation from the grid on the control is observed. The controllers are found to work satisfactorily except for large frequency variation. The current harmonics are also within the allowed limit. The proposed controllers are expected to satisfy the revised grid code for wind energy

Formation control of underwater vehicles using Multi Agent System

This paper proposes the development of a formation control algorithm of multiple acoustic underwater vehicles by employing the behaviour of autonomous mobile agents under a proposed pursuit. A robust pursuit is developed using the distributed consensus coordinated algorithm ensuring the transfer of information among the AUVs. The development of robust pursuit based on characteristics of multi-agent system is for solving the incomplete information capabilities in each agent such as asynchronous computation, decentralized data and no system global control. In unreliable and narrow banded underwater acoustic medium, the formation of AUVs based distributed coordinated consensus tracking can be accomplished under the constant or varying virtual leader’s velocity. Further, the study to achieve tracking based on virtual leader AUV’s velocity is extended to fixed and switching network topologies. Again for mild connectivity, an adjacency matrix is defined in such a way that an adaptive connectivity is ensured between the AUVs. The constant virtual leader vehicle velocity method based on consensus tracking is more robust to reduce inaccuracy because no accurate position and velocity measurements are required. Results were obtained using MATLAB and acquired outcomes are analysed for efficient formation control in presence of the underwater communication constraints

Adaptive sliding mode formation control of multiple underwater robots

This paper proposes a new adaptive sliding mode control scheme for achieving coordinated motion control of a group of autonomous underwater vehicles with variable added mass. The control law considers the communication constraints in the acoustic medium. A common reference frame for velocity is assigned to a virtual leader dynamically. The performances of the proposed adaptive SMC were compared with that of a passivity based controller. To save the time and traveling distance for reaching the FRP by the follower AUVs, a sliding mode controller is proposed in this paper that drives the state trajectory of the AUV into a switching surface in the state space. It is observed from the obtained results that the proposed SMC provides improved performance in terms of accurately tracking the desired trajectory within less time compared to the passivity based controller. A communication consensus is designed ensuring the transfer of information among the AUVs so that they move collectively as a group. The stability of the overall closed-loop systems are analysed using Lyapunov theory and simulation results confirmed the robustness and efficiency of proposed controller

Reactive Power Control of Isolated Wind-diesel Hybrid Power System Using Grey Wolf Optimization Technique

AbstractIn this paper reactive-power control of an isolated wind–diesel hybrid power system is presented. The system generates electrical power from wind by an induction generator (IG) and a synchronous generator (SG) is present for a diesel-generator (DG) set. The mathematical model of the reactive-power balance is presented. In an isolated system IG consumes reactive power which is supplied by the static var compensator (SVC). It also provides reactive power support for load variations. In the type III SVC used here, the proportional integral (PI) controller gains are optimized using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Three objective functions namely Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral Square Error (ISE) and Integral Time Square Error (ITSE) are considered and their performance is compared in a hybrid system and with earlier work